551 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
551 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
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- [描述](#描述)
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- [准备编译环境](#准备编译环境)
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- [基于主线 u-boot 编译启动文件](#基于主线-u-boot-编译启动文件)
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- [编译 u-boot](#编译-u-boot)
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- [基于 openEuler 内核编译内核镜像](#基于-openeuler-内核编译内核镜像)
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- [编译内核代码](#编译内核代码)
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- [构建 boot 镜像](#构建-boot-镜像)
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- [构建 rootfs 镜像](#构建-rootfs-镜像)
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- [创建 RPM 数据库](#创建-rpm-数据库)
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- [下载安装 openEuler 发布包](#下载安装-openeuler-发布包)
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- [添加 yum 源](#添加-yum-源)
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- [安装 dnf](#安装-dnf)
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- [安装必要软件](#安装必要软件)
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- [添加配置文件](#添加配置文件)
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- [rootfs 设置](#rootfs-设置)
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- [制作 openEuler 镜像](#制作-openeuler-镜像)
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- [创建镜像](#创建镜像)
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- [创建空镜像](#创建空镜像)
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- [镜像分区](#镜像分区)
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- [创建分区表](#创建分区表)
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- [镜像分区](#镜像分区-1)
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- [设置 boot 分区为可启动](#设置-boot-分区为可启动)
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- [使用 losetup 将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备](#使用-losetup-将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备)
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- [使用 kpartx 创建分区表 /dev/loop0 的设备映射](#使用-kpartx-创建分区表-devloop0-的设备映射)
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- [写入 u-boot](#写入-u-boot)
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- [格式化分区](#格式化分区)
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- [创建要挂载的根目录和 boot 分区路径](#创建要挂载的根目录和-boot-分区路径)
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- [挂载根目录和 boot 分区](#挂载根目录和-boot-分区)
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- [获取生成的 img 镜像的 blkid](#获取生成的-img-镜像的-blkid)
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- [修改 fstab](#修改-fstab)
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- [rootfs 拷贝到镜像](#rootfs-拷贝到镜像)
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- [boot 引导拷贝到镜像](#boot-引导拷贝到镜像)
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- [卸载镜像](#卸载镜像)
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- [同步到盘](#同步到盘)
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- [卸载](#卸载)
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- [卸载镜像文件虚拟的块设备](#卸载镜像文件虚拟的块设备)
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# 描述
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本文档介绍如何构建适用于 Rockchip 开发板的 openEuler 镜像。
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# 准备编译环境
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1. 系统要求。
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- 操作系统：openEuler
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- 架构：AArch64
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2. 安装依赖包
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```
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dnf makecache
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dnf install git wget make gcc bison dtc m4 flex bc openssl-devel tar dosfstools rsync parted dnf-plugins-core tar
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```
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3. 创建工作目录
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```
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WORKDIR=$(pwd)/build
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mkdir $WORKDIR
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cd $WORKDIR
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```
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# 基于主线 u-boot 编译启动文件
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## 编译 u-boot
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1. 下载源码
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```
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cd $WORKDIR
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git clone --branch v2020.10 https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot.git
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```
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2. 获取 ARM-Trusted-Firmware
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```
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cd u-boot
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wget -O bl31.elf https://github.com/rockchip-linux/rkbin/raw/master/bin/rk33/rk3399_bl31_v1.35.elf
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```
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3. 编译 u-boot
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```
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make ARCH=arm firefly-rk3399_defconfig
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make ARCH=arm -j$(nproc)
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make ARCH=arm u-boot.itb -j$(nproc)
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```
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4. 收集编译结果
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将生成的 idbloader.img 和 u-boot.itb 文件复制到工作目录。
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```
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cp idbloader.img $WORKDIR
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cp idbloader.img $WORKDIR
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cd $WORKDIR
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```
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# 基于 openEuler 内核编译内核镜像
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## 编译内核代码
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1. 下载源码
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```
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cd $WORKDIR
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git clone --branch openEuler-20.03-LTS https://gitee.com/openeuler/rockchip-kernel.git
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```
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2. 编译内核，生成内核映像文件 Image 和设备树文件
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```
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cd rockchip-kernel
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make O=test firefly_linux_defconfig
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make O=test Image
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make O=test dtbs
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```
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3. 收集编译结果
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将编译生成的内核映像文件 Image 和设备树文件复制到工作目录。
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```
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cp test/arch/arm64/boot/Image $WORKDIR/kernel8.img
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cp test/arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/firefly-rk3399.dtb $WORKDIR
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```
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# 构建 boot 镜像
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1. 创建 boot 工作目录
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```
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cd $WORKDIR
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mkdir -p boot/extlinux
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```
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2. 设置内核启动项
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将以下内容写进 boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf
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label openEuler
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kernel /kernel8.img
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fdt /firefly-rk3399.dtb
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append earlyprintk console=ttyS2,1500000 rw root=/dev/mmcblk1p5 rootfstype=ext4 init=/sbin/init rootwait"
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3. 内核映像文件和设备树文件放入 boot 目录
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```
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cp $WORKDIR/kernel8.img boot
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cp $WORKDIR/firefly-rk3399.dtb boot
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```
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4. 构建 boot 镜像
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1. 创建空镜像
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`dd if=/dev/zero of=boot.img bs=1M count=32`
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2. 格式化为 fat 文件格式
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`sudo mkfs.fat boot.img`
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3. 创建临时目录
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`mkdir tmp`
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4. 将 boot.img 挂载到临时目录
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`sudo mount boot.img tmp/`
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5. 填充镜像内容
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`cp -r boot/* tmp/`
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6. 取消挂载 boot.img
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`umount tmp`
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# 构建 rootfs 镜像
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## 创建 RPM 数据库
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```
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cd $WORKDIR
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mkdir rootfs
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mkdir -p rootfs/var/lib/rpm
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rpm --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ --initdb
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```
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## 下载安装 openEuler 发布包
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```
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rpm -ivh --nodeps --root $WORKDIR/rootfs/ http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-20.03-LTS/everything/aarch64/Packages/openEuler-release-20.03LTS-33.oe1.aarch64.rpm
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```
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执行此操作会在/root/rootfs下生成3个文件夹，如下：
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## 添加 yum 源
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```
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mkdir $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d`
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curl -o $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler-20.03-LTS.repo https://gitee.com/src-openeuler/openEuler-repos/raw/openEuler-20.03-LTS/generic.repo
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```
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## 安装 dnf
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`dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install dnf --nogpgcheck -y`
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## 安装必要软件
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```
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ makecache
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dnf --installroot=$WORKDIR/rootfs/ install -y alsa-utils wpa_supplicant vim net-tools iproute iputils NetworkManager openssh-server passwd hostname ntp bluez pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
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```
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## 添加配置文件
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1. 设置 DNS
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```
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cp -L /etc/resolv.conf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
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```
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添加内容：
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```
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nameserver 8.8.8.8
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nameserver 114.114.114.114
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```
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2. 设置 IP 自动获取
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```
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mkdir $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
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vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth0
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```
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内容：
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```
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TYPE=Ethernet
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PROXY_METHOD=none
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BROWSER_ONLY=no
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BOOTPROTO=dhcp
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DEFROUTE=yes
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IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
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IPV6INIT=yes
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IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
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IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
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IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
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IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
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NAME=eth0
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UUID=851a6f36-e65c-3a43-8f4a-78fd0fc09dc9
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ONBOOT=yes
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AUTOCONNECT_PRIORITY=-999
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DEVICE=eth0
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```
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3. 拷贝 wifi 配置文件，蓝牙启动文件
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1. 下载 [无线配置目录](../../scripts/rockchip/bin/wireless) 到 $WORKDIR
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2. 拷贝文件 :
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```
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mkdir $WORKDIR/rootfs/system
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cp -r $WORKDIR/wireless/system/* $WORKDIR/rootfs/system/
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cp $WORKDIR/wireless/rcS.sh $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/profile.d/
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cp $WORKDIR/wireless/enable_bt $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/bin/
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chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/usr/bin/enable_bt $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/profile.d/rcS.sh
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```
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4. 设置 NTP 服务器
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```
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sed -i 's/#NTP=/NTP=0.cn.pool.ntp.org/g' $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
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sed -i 's/#FallbackNTP=/FallbackNTP=1.asia.pool.ntp.org 2.asia.pool.ntp.org/g' $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
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```
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5. 添加第一次开机扩容脚本
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在 `$WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/expand-rootfs.sh` 写入以下内容：
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echo "#!/bin/bash
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# chkconfig: - 99 10
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# description: expand rootfs
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ROOT_PART="$(findmnt / -o source -n)" # /dev/mmcblk1p5
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ROOT_DEV="/dev/$(lsblk -no pkname "$ROOT_PART")" # /dev/mmcblk1
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PART_NUM="$(echo "$ROOT_PART" | grep -o "[[:digit:]]*$")" # 5
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cat << EOF | gdisk $ROOT_DEV
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p
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w
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Y
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Y
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EOF
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parted -s $ROOT_DEV -- resizepart $PART_NUM 100%
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resize2fs $ROOT_PART
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ln -s /system/etc/firmware /etc/firmware
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if [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/expand-rootfs.sh ];then rm /etc/rc.d/init.d/expand-rootfs.sh; fi" >> ${WORKDIR}/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/expand-rootfs.sh
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设置可执行权限：
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`chmod +x $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/rc.d/init.d/expand-rootfs.sh`
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## rootfs 设置
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1. 挂载必要的路径
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mount --bind /dev $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev
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mount -t proc /proc $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc
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mount -t sysfs /sys $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys
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2. run chroot
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`chroot $WORKDIR/rootfs /bin/bash`
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3. 设置 root 密码
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`passwd root`
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输入要设置的 root 密码。
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4. 设置主机名
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`echo openEuler > /etc/hostname`
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5. 设置默认时区为东八区
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`ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime`
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6. 设置第一次开机扩容脚本，然后退出
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```
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|
|
chkconfig --add expand-rootfs.sh
|
|||
|
|
chkconfig expand-rootfs.sh on
|
|||
|
|
exit
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
7. 取消临时挂载的目录
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/dev
|
|||
|
|
umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/proc
|
|||
|
|
umount -l $WORKDIR/rootfs/sys
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
8. 制作镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. dd 创建镜像：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1M count=3000`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 格式化镜像：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mkfs.ext4 rootfs.img`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 创建挂载目录
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mkdir rootfsimg
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
4. 挂载镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
mount rootfs.img rootfsimg/
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
5. rootfs 拷贝到挂载目录
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
cp -rfp rootfs/* rootfsimg/
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
6. 卸载镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`umount rootfsimg/`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
7. 修复文件系统
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
e2fsck -p -f rootfs.img
|
|||
|
|
resize2fs -M rootfs.img
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# 制作 openEuler 镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
基于以上章节生成的文件，制作用于刷写到 SD 卡的 openEuler 镜像。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 创建镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 创建空镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
cd $WORKDIR
|
|||
|
|
dd if=/dev/zero of=openeuler-rk3399.img bs=1MiB count=3072 status=progress && sync
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
注意：这里创建了一个大小为3G的文件，可以根据实际情况适当调整。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 镜像分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 创建分区表
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`parted openeuler-rk3399.img mktable gpt`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 镜像分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
执行 `fdisk openeuler-rk3399.img` 后，根据提示依次输入：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 输入 p，查看分区信息，可以看到当前无分区。
|
|||
|
|
2. 输入 n，创建 idbloader 分区。
|
|||
|
|
3. 输入 p 或直接按 Enter，创建 Primary 类型的分区。
|
|||
|
|
4. 输入 1 或直接按 Enter，创建序号为 1 的分区。
|
|||
|
|
5. 输入 64，输入第一个分区的起始扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
6. 输入 16383，输入第一个分区的末尾扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
7. 输入 p，查看当前分区情况，可以看到当前有一个分区。
|
|||
|
|
8. 输入 n，创建 u-boot 分区。
|
|||
|
|
9. 输入 p 或直接按 Enter，创建 Primary 类型的分区。
|
|||
|
|
10. 输入 2 或直接按 Enter，创建序号为 2 的分区。
|
|||
|
|
11. 输入 16384，输入第二个分区的起始扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
12. 输入 24575，输入第二个分区的末尾扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
13. 输入 p，查看当前分区情况，可以看到当前有两个分区。
|
|||
|
|
14. 输入 n，创建 trust 分区。
|
|||
|
|
15. 输入 p 或直接按 Enter，创建 Primary 类型的分区。
|
|||
|
|
16. 输入 3 或直接按 Enter，创建序号为 3 的分区。
|
|||
|
|
17. 输入 24576，输入第二个分区的起始扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
18. 输入 32767，输入第二个分区的末尾扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
19. 输入 p，查看当前分区情况，可以看到当前有三个分区。
|
|||
|
|
20. 输入 n，创建 boot 分区。
|
|||
|
|
21. 输入 p 或直接按 Enter，创建 Primary 类型的分区。
|
|||
|
|
22. 输入 4 或直接按 Enter，创建序号为 4 的分区。
|
|||
|
|
23. 输入 32768，输入第二个分区的起始扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
24. 输入 262143，输入第二个分区的末尾扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
25. 输入 p，查看当前分区情况，可以看到当前有四个分区。
|
|||
|
|
26. 输入 n，创建 root 分区。
|
|||
|
|
27. 输入 p 或直接按 Enter，创建 Primary 类型的分区。
|
|||
|
|
28. 输入 5 或直接按 Enter，创建序号为 5 的分区。
|
|||
|
|
29. 输入 262144，输入第三个分区的起始扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
30. 按 Enter，输入第三个分区的末尾扇区号，使用最后一个扇区号作为第五个分区的末尾扇区号。
|
|||
|
|
31. 输入 p，查看当前分区情况，可以看到当前有五个分区。
|
|||
|
|
32. 输入 w，写入并退出。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### 设置 boot 分区为可启动
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`parted openeuler-rk3399.img -s set 4 boot on`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 使用 losetup 将磁盘镜像文件虚拟成块设备
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`losetup -f --show openeuler-rk3399.img`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
例如，显示结果为 /dev/loop0。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 使用 kpartx 创建分区表 /dev/loop0 的设备映射
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`kpartx -va /dev/loop0`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
得到结果将 /dev/loop0 五个分区挂载了:
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
add map loop0p1 ...
|
|||
|
|
add map loop0p2 ...
|
|||
|
|
add map loop0p3 ...
|
|||
|
|
add map loop0p4 ...
|
|||
|
|
add map loop0p5 ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
运行 `ls /dev/mapper/loop0p*` 可以看到分区分别对应刚才为 openeuler-rk3399.img 做的五个分区：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
/dev/mapper/loop0p1 /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /dev/mapper/loop0p3 /dev/mapper/loop0p4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 写入 u-boot
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 写入 idbloader.img。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`dd if=idbloader.img of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
2. 写入 u-boot.itb。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`dd if=u-boot.itb of=/dev/mapper/loop0p2`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 格式化分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. 格式化 boot 分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mkfs.vfat -n boot /dev/mapper/loop0p4`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
3. 格式化 root 分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 创建要挂载的根目录和 boot 分区路径
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mkdir $WORKDIR/rootp $WORKDIR/bootp`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 挂载根目录和 boot 分区
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mount -t vfat -o uid=root,gid=root,umask=0000 /dev/mapper/loop0p4 $WORKDIR/bootp/`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`mount -t ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5 $WORKDIR/rootp/`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 获取生成的 img 镜像的 blkid
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
执行命令 blkid 得到三个分区的 UUID，例如：
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
...
|
|||
|
|
/dev/mapper/loop0p4: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="boot" UUID="2785-C7C3" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="e0a091bd-04"
|
|||
|
|
/dev/mapper/loop0p5: UUID="67b5fc1c-9cd3-4884-968c-4ca35e5ae154" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="e0a091bd-05"
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 修改 fstab
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`vim $WORKDIR/rootfs/etc/fstab`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
内容：
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
UUID=67b5fc1c-9cd3-4884-968c-4ca35e5ae154 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0
|
|||
|
|
UUID=2785-C7C3 /boot vfat defaults,noatime 0 0
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## rootfs 拷贝到镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`rsync -avHAXq $WORKDIR/rootfs/* $WORKDIR/rootp`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## boot 引导拷贝到镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`cp -r $WORKDIR/boot/* $WORKDIR/bootp`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 卸载镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 同步到盘
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`sync`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 卸载
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`umount $WORKDIR/root`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`umount $WORKDIR/boot`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 卸载镜像文件虚拟的块设备
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`kpartx -d /dev/loop0`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`losetup -d /dev/loop0`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
这样，最终就生成了需要的 openeuler-rk3399.img 镜像文件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
之后就可以使用镜像刷写 SD 卡并使用 Firefly-RK3399 了。
|